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Scapula
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In anatomy, this is another name for the shoulder blade. Image courtesy of Handball City: Shoulder Injuries. |
Schizont
An asexual stage in the development of certain protozoa that leads to the formation of schizozoites. Also known as a meront or a segmenter.
Sediment
Settled material that can come from pre-existing rocks, chemical precipitates, or once-living organisms.
Seed
The protective covering of an angiosperm or a gymnosperm and the contents it is protecting, the embryonic plant and the food reserves to help it survive until germination.
Segmenter
A late meront or schizont; applied to that stage during schizogony when the cytoplasm segments into daughter cells.
Senescence
The process of aging or growing old. See apoptosis.
Sepal
In flowers, the structures found outside and below the petals, that help protect the flower.
Serrate
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In plants, a leaf which has edges that resemble a knife and point toward the tip of the leaf. Image found at Leaf Margins. |
Shoot
In plants, a young branch.
Species
The most specific taxonomic division that is below the level of genus. Generally, there isn't a breakdown below species, but in some instances subspecies or race can be used to separate groups within a species. Generally, the biological definition of species would be: any reproductively isolated genetically distinct population.
Spectrum
A specific arrangement of electromagnetic radiation, placed according to either their frequency or wavelength.
Spinal Cord
The line of nerve tissue that runs from the brain to the tail in vertebrate animals. It is usually contained within the vertebrae.
Spindle
A network of microtubules that form during mitosis. These structures connect the centrosomes to the kinetochores and helps arrange the chromosomes.
Sporangial
Of or related to the sporangium.
Sporangium
A single- or multi-cellular structure in which spores are produced. Also known as a spore case.
Spore
A single (or sometimes multicellular) reproductive cell that contains at least one set of chromosomes which can either form a new individual, or join with another spore to make a new individual.
Sporoblast
An early stage in the development of a sporocyst, prior to differentiation of the sporozoites.
Sporocyst
- A special cell that produces asexual plant spores.
- The protective case or cyst in which sporozoites develop, and are transferred to hosts in, or the name for a sporozoite that is enclosed in such a case or cyst.
- A sac-like larval stage for some nematode worms.
Sporogonial
Of or related to sporogony.
Sporogony
Reproduction by multiple fission of a spore or zygote resulting in the formation of sporozoites.
Sporont
A zygote of coccidian protozoa enclosed within an oocyst, which undergoes sporogony to produce sporoblasts, each of which forms a sporocyst containing sporozoites.
Sporophorous
Spore-bearing.
Sporophyte
The name for a phase in plants where spores are formed in the reproductive cycle.
Sporophore
Structure that bears spores.
Sporoplasm
An infectious mass of protoplasm that is contained within a spore, and can be used to infect a host.
Sporozoa
A type of protozoan that is nonmotile. Also known as Apicomplexa.
Sporozoite
Any of the minute undeveloped sporozoans produced by multiple fission of a spore or zygote, especially at the stage just before it infects a new host cell.
Starch
A polysaccharide unique to plants that stores energy derived from photosynthesis.
Sugar
General name applied to any sweet carbohydrate.
Symbiosis
A special type of relationship between two or more organisms. There are four types of symbiosis: amensalism, commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
Sympatric
A separation of species or speciation without geographic isolation. Compare with allopatric.
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