Galaxy

A massive cluster of stars that are bound together by gravity. Our solar system is a part of the Milky Way.

Gamete

A mature, haploid reproductive cell. Examples include sperm and eggs (ovum).

Gametophyte

A plant, or part of a plants life cycle, that produces gametes.

Gamont

A term referring to an organism that is capable of reproducing sexually and produces gametes.

Gastric

Having to do with the stomach.

Gelatinous

Having the consistency of gelatin; jellylike.

Gene

An ordered sequence of nucleotides that are found in a specific location on a specific chromosome that can code for a specific product, such as a protein or an RNA molecule.

Genome

The total genetic material within a cell or an individual organism.

Genus

A taxonomic division that is above species and below family.

Germination

The process where a seed, spore or zygote begins to develop into a mature form.

Gill

In fungi, this refers to the radially arranged plate-like structures on the undersides of the caps which bear the basidia.

Glacier

A large mass of ice, usually on land, that is typically mobile. This ice is composed of snow that has been compacted and recrystallized to form what is known as firn.

Glucose

A simple sugar, with the general structure of C₆H₁₂O₆. It is also the primary source of energy for most cells, and can be stored as the polymer glycogen.

Glycogen

A polysaccharide composed of glucose that is used as the main source of energy for animals.

Glycosidic bond

The bond between a sugar and an organic molecule.

Gradient

Another name for the slope of a hill or mountain. Also known as grade.

Graft

In plants, where a bud or a stem from one plant is joined to the stem of another.

Granule

A small cellular or cytoplasmic particle.

Guanine

A nitrogenous base that pairs with cytosine in both DNA and RNA. When you see a string of letters that are used to describe DNA, such as AGTCCGTTATATTGC, "G" stands for guanine.

Guanosine monophosphate

Also known as GMP. A ribonucleotide made up of guanine, ribose, and a single phosphate group.

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